{"id":12555,"date":"2022-01-27T18:58:17","date_gmt":"2022-01-27T18:58:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jboitnott.com\/?p=12555"},"modified":"2022-02-06T18:03:13","modified_gmt":"2022-02-06T18:03:13","slug":"copyright-crisis-what-to-do-if-youre-accused-of-copyright-infringement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jboitnott.com\/zh\/copyright-crisis-what-to-do-if-youre-accused-of-copyright-infringement\/","title":{"rendered":"Copyright Infringement: What to Do if You\u2019re Accused"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Copyright infringement is always in the news. A few cases in point:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Taylor Swift and her hit \u201cShake It Off\u201d will <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jdsupra.com\/legalnews\/taylor-swift-to-face-trial-in-shake-it-8841661\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.jdsupra.com\/legalnews\/taylor-swift-to-face-trial-in-shake-it-8841661\/\">face trial<\/a> in a suit brought by the writers of a girl group\u2019s 2001 song \u201cPlayas Gon\u2019 Play.\u201d<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Khloe Kardashian\u2019s fashion brand Good American has been <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thefashionlaw.com\/good-american-sued-for-copyright-infringement-in-latest-paparazzi-lawsuit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.thefashionlaw.com\/good-american-sued-for-copyright-infringement-in-latest-paparazzi-lawsuit\/\">sued by a photography company<\/a> claiming that Kardashian\u2019s Instagram post of a specific photo of model Bella Hadid violated its copyright.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Musician Eric Clapton <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/arts-entertainment\/2021\/12\/17\/eric-clapton-bootleg-cd-lawsuit-germany\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/arts-entertainment\/2021\/12\/17\/eric-clapton-bootleg-cd-lawsuit-germany\/\">won his copyright claim<\/a> in Germany over a woman who sold one of his bootleg CDs for $11 on eBay.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Miramax <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.slashfilm.com\/673204\/miramax-prevails-in-copyright-battle-over-pulp-fiction-poster\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.slashfilm.com\/673204\/miramax-prevails-in-copyright-battle-over-pulp-fiction-poster\/\">won a copyright lawsuit<\/a> against the photographer of an iconic poster for \u2018Pulp Fiction.\u2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Tales of copyright infringement invariably include dramatic and intriguing backgrounds that captivate the imagination and generate outrage on both sides of the dispute. However, copyright isn\u2019t a sword to use for personal gain. It\u2019s supposed to be a shield to defend creative work and encourage artists and creative workers to put the fruits of their labors out into the market, free of worry that others might try to capitalize on their hard work.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">But what if <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.clearvoice.com\/blog\/content-marketing-legal-and-compliance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.clearvoice.com\/blog\/content-marketing-legal-and-compliance\/\">it happens to you<\/a>? What if you\u2019re the one accused of copyright infringement? What should you do then?<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"graf graf--h3\">Getting down to basics: U.S. copyright law<\/h2>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">First, it\u2019s a good idea to make sure you have a basic understanding of U.S. copyright law, including your obligations as a content publisher or creator. Whether you\u2019re publishing a personal blog, a social media account for a larger brand, or the content marketing for a company, you could be subject to copyright laws, so it\u2019s important to know what your obligations and rights are.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3\">What does copyright protect?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">The U.S. Copyright Office <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/circs\/circ01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/circs\/circ01.pdf\">publishes circulars<\/a> that explain what kinds of rights copyright protects, who can claim a copyright interest and for how long, and how the copyright holder can protect those rights.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Copyright <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/what-is-copyright\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/what-is-copyright\/\">law protects<\/a> any \u201coriginal works of authorship as soon as an author fixes the work in a tangible form of expression.\u201d Despite the use of the word \u201cauthorship,\u201d copyright doesn\u2019t just protect written text. It also covers blog posts, photographs, digital images, music, paintings, computer code and more.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\"><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/circs\/circ33.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/circs\/circ33.pdf\">Copyright does not protect<\/a> ideas, systems, any work that hasn\u2019t been reduced to a tangible form, titles, familiar designs or symbols, or mere ornamentation.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3\">Who holds the copyright?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Copyright ownership immediately vests in the person who created the work in question, or in the employer who hires out for creative work. So if you wrote a viral blog post on your personal blog or site, you\u2019re the copyright owner for that post. However, if you wrote the post for a brand as a freelance content marketing writer, most likely this is deemed a work for hire and the copyright would vest in the brand.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3\">What rights does a copyright holder\u00a0enjoy?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Think of copyright as a bundle of sticks. Each stick represents a specific right to the work in question. Unless you negotiate away or sell one or more of those rights, they all belong to the original author (or the brand that contracted it as a work for hire):<\/p>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Sell the work<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Display, perform, or produce it publicly<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Make copies of the work<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Create works that derive from the work (i.e., sequels, prequels, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>How does a work become protected under copyright law?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">As soon as the work is created and reduced to some kind of fixed form, it becomes protected by copyright law. When you take the picture, turn it into a digital file, write the blog post, or paint the painting, assuming the work is original to you, then you become the author and copyright owner.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">To enhance the protection provided by copyright law, you can register the work with the U.S. Copyright Office. While that\u2019s not necessary in order for the copyright to become valid, registration is necessary if you want to enforce those rights through a lawsuit. Registration also permits you to seek monetary damages and attorney\u2019s fees.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3\">How does a copyright holder enforce a copyright against an infringement?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">A copyright infringement occurs whenever a person or brand reproduces or publishes someone else\u2019s copyright-protected work without permission. Generally speaking, the copyright holder starts with a cease and desist letter sent to the infringer. They may request monetary damages, an explicit provision of credit to the copyright holder, removal of the infringing work, or other remedies.<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">If the parties can\u2019t agree to a resolution through correspondence, the copyright holder may file a lawsuit in the appropriate federal district court. If the copyright holder prevails in court, the person who infringed the copyright might have to pay statutory damages as well as attorney\u2019s fees.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"graf graf--h3\">What kinds of defenses can be asserted against a copyright infringement claim?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">If you\u2019re facing a claim of copyright infringement, you may have one or more defenses you can successfully use to defeat the claim in court. Among the most common defenses are the following:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">The period during which the copyright holder can sue (the statute of limitations) has expired;<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">The copyright owner licensed the work to you or otherwise gave you permission to use it;<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">You created the work in question independently, without copying it from the original work;<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">You used the work in what\u2019s called \u201cfair use,\u201d typically by parodying or critiquing the original work.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"graf graf--h3\">Busting copyright myths<\/h2>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">You might hear or read a number of questionable assertions about copyright law and protection. Some of the most common myths include:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf--startsWithDoubleQuote\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">\u201cThere\u2019s no \u00a9 symbol\u201d<\/strong>: None is needed. The work is always protected by copyright the minute it\u2019s created and fixed in some form. It\u2019s a good idea to include a copyright notice on any reproducible work or file but it\u2019s not necessary.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf--startsWithDoubleQuote\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">\u201cI found it on the web\u201d or \u201cI got it from <\/strong><a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.clearvoice.com\/blog\/google-image-results\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.clearvoice.com\/blog\/google-image-results\/\">Google images<\/a><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">\u201d<\/strong>: Frequently offered as a defense to copyright infringement claims on digital photographs, neither of these assertions offer any protection. You still need to get permission or a license from the copyright holder before publishing those images in your content. Finding it on the web doesn\u2019t mean anyone can use it.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf--startsWithDoubleQuote\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">\u201cI didn\u2019t make any money off it\u201d<\/strong>: Whether you made money off the copyright-protected work might impact how much you\u2019ll owe in damages, but if you didn\u2019t make any money, that doesn\u2019t mean you didn\u2019t infringe on the copyright holder\u2019s interests. It might help persuade a judge in a \u201cfair use\u201d defense, though.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li graf--startsWithDoubleQuote\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">\u201cI deleted it\u201d<\/strong>: That\u2019s great, and sometimes that\u2019s all a copyright holder wants you to do. But that doesn\u2019t mean you didn\u2019t infringe their copyright for the period of time you published it on your site. You could still be held liable, though immediately deleting it from your site tends to suggest your good faith, which can go a long way with a judge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"graf graf--h3\">When someone accuses you of copyright infringement<\/h2>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Content marketing creators and publishers are sometimes targeted with claims of copyright infringement. Some of those claims are bogus, but many are not. It usually takes place in the context of written content copied from other brands\u2019 white papers, blog posts, and articles and of <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.clearvoice.com\/blog\/image-copyrights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.clearvoice.com\/blog\/image-copyrights\/\">digital images<\/a>. Your first notice may come through your website or through email, and it will take the form of a cease and desist letter, or an informal prelude to one. In either event, it\u2019s important to respond appropriately and in a timely manner.<\/p>\n<h2>What not to\u00a0do<\/h2>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">First things first:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Don\u2019t panic<\/strong>. It\u2019s absolutely something you should take seriously, but it\u2019s not the end of the world. It\u2019s the start of a process you\u2019ll need to manage and it\u2019s much easier to do that when you\u2019re not hyperventilating.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Don\u2019t respond too quickly<\/strong>. Gather your thoughts and review the production path for the content in question. Take your time to craft a thoughtful, defensible response.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Don\u2019t ignore it<\/strong>. \u201cOut of sight, out of mind\u201d will not make the claims go away, even if the claims seem silly or untrue to you.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Instead, take a deep breath and get proactive with the following steps.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"graf graf--h3\">Preserve the\u00a0evidence<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Identify the intellectual property (IP) in question<\/strong>. Take screenshots of everything, both in your CMS backend and any front-facing or publicly available pages or files.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Review your documentation<\/strong>. Gather and collect all the relevant research, drafts, emails to creators, entries in project management software, notes and other associated documents, whether paper or digital, and review them to become familiar with the chain of production. It\u2019s especially helpful to highlight where the offending material\u200a\u2014\u200athe asserted quote or image, for example\u200a\u2014\u200acame into the piece and how it got there.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 class=\"graf graf--h3\">Investigate the\u00a0claim<\/h2>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Next, put yourself on both sides of the claims. Try to first prove and then disprove the allegations:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Did you or your company publish the allegedly protected work for your or its own use?<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Where did that protected work come from? How did you find it, gain access to it, copy it, and bring it into your own work?<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Are you satisfied that the person who wrote to you about the infringement actually owns the work in question? (You can search for this information using <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/public-records\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/public-records\/\">the copyright public records portal<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Did you get permission to use it and can you document that permission? This might be in the form of a Creative Commons or other kind of license, explicit permission granted through an exchange of emails, a website granting free and public use, etc.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Was the use intentional or inadvertent?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 class=\"graf graf--h3\">Think about potential defenses<\/h2>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Of the listed defenses above, think about what might apply to your case. Perhaps your piece is a commentary on the original, in which the fair use doctrine may apply. Creative works also fall out of copyright due to the passage of time. If the work is now in the public domain, it\u2019s perfectly permissible to make derivative works or incorporate it into your own. Or perhaps it\u2019s a factual statement or condition, an idea, a process, a title, or some other formulation that isn\u2019t entitled to copyright protection in the first place.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"graf graf--h3\">Find a good IP\u00a0lawyer<\/h2>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Finally, hire a seasoned IP lawyer in your area and let the lawyer respond. Your job is to assist and support the attorney by providing evidence and factual support for your position. The attorney is best equipped to write the actual response to the cease and desist. Further, if correspondence fails and litigation ensues, your attorney will already be familiar with your case and ready to defend you in court. Find a qualified copyright lawyer near you through the following methods:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"postList\">\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Ask colleagues in your state or area for referrals.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Call your state bar association. Many will maintain a list of lawyers for referrals.<\/li>\n<li class=\"graf graf--li\">Use a web-based directory site such as Avvo or Thumbtack.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 class=\"graf graf--h3\">The best defense is a good\u00a0offense<\/h2>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">To prevent being put through the copyright wringer in the first place, adopt content policies and <a class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/www.clearvoice.com\/blog\/how-to-build-a-simple-effective-content-calendar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.clearvoice.com\/blog\/how-to-build-a-simple-effective-content-calendar\/\">editorial calendars<\/a> that minimize the risk of encountering protected works. Use CC-only image sites and provide proper attribution to the artist. Include the obligation to produce original work only in all your freelance content creator contracts (and make sure you have contracts for each of them).<\/p>\n<p class=\"graf graf--p\">Build in checks and reviews prior to publication to avoid accidental infringement. Commit to producing wholly original or fully licensed content, whether created in-house or with freelancers, and you\u2019ll go a long way toward avoiding those C&amp;D letters in the first place.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Thanks for reading! Do you want to create thought leadership articles like the one above? If you struggle to translate your ideas into content that will help build credibility and influence others, sign up to get John\u2019s latest online course \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/jboitnott.com\/zh\/writing-from-your-voice-course\/\">Writing From Your Voice<\/a>\u201d here.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Copyright infringement is always in the news. A few cases in point: Taylor Swift and her hit \u201cShake It Off\u201d will face trial in a suit brought by the writers of a girl group\u2019s 2001 song \u201cPlayas Gon\u2019 Play.\u201d Khloe Kardashian\u2019s fashion brand Good American has been sued by a photography company claiming that Kardashian\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12559,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[258],"tags":[316,1002,1001,1000,171],"class_list":["post-12555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-marketing","tag-content-marketing","tag-copyright","tag-copyright-crisis","tag-copyright-infringement","tag-marketing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Copyright Infringement: What to Do if You\u2019re Accused - John Boitnott<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Here&#039;s what you should do if you are accused of copyright infringement.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.clearvoice.com\/blog\/copyright-infringement-in-content-marketing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Copyright Infringement: What to Do if You\u2019re Accused - 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